Ketentuan-ketentuan TRIPS-Plus dalam Kerangka Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan menemukan filosofi Ketentuan TRIPS-Plus di bawah kerangka Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas Bilateral (Bilateral Free Trade Agreements=BFTA). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Penelitian ini menemukan, bahwa filosofi dari ketentuan TRIPS-Plus di bawah BFTA adalah untuk menghilangkan standar minimum dan fleksibilitas yang terkandung dalam ketentuan Perjanjian TRIPS WTO yang berdampak pada: (1) pembatasan alasan untuk pengecualian dari invensi yang bisa di patenkan; (2) membatasi penerbitan lisensi wajib; (3) pembatasan ruang lingkup exhaustion of rights dan impor paralel; (4) perpanjangan jangka waktu pemberian paten; (5) kewajiban perlindungan paten untuk perlindungan varietas tanaman; (6) eksklusivitas atas uji data berkenaan dengan produk farmasi dan kimia; (7) perlindungan untuk jenis-jenis merek dagang baru (8) perlindungan yang kuat untuk teknologi digital. Bila negara-negara menyepakati BFTA dengan mitra/partner dagang tentang ketentuan-ketentuan HKI yang mengandung TRIPS-Plus tersebut di atas maka akan menyebabkan negara tersebut tidak dapat menggunakan fleksibilitas yang diberikan oleh perjanjian HKI pada level multilateral (TRIPS Agreement) dan hal tersebut berdampak pada tidak terpenuhinya hak-hak dasar yaitu: hak atas pendidikan, hak atas kesehatan dan akses obat-obatan secara terjangkau dan murah, serta hak atas pangan.
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