BAGAIMANA PERAN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT DI INDONESIA?: KAJIAN BERDASARKAN SEKTOR EKONOMI
Abstract
Abstrak
Indonesia memerlukan modal asing untuk menutupi gab saving-investasi dan menjaga kelanjutan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Disamping itu, kinerja sektor ekonomi berbeda satu sama lainnya, sehingga peran FDI dan investasi domestik (DI) tentu tidak sama untuk setiap sektor. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh FDI dan DI terhadap PDB dan bagaimana peran FDI terhadap DI. Hasil studi berdasarkan uji OLS dan GLS ditemukan bahwa; FDI dan DI berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDB untuk sektor; Pertanian, perdagangan dan (transportasi, pergudangan dan komonikasi). Sedangkan untuk sektor; Pertambangan, konstruksi dan real estate hanya FDI yang berpengaruh positif/negatif dan signifikan. Sebaliknya untuk sektor; Industri dan (listrik, gas dan air) hanya DI yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Kemudian FDI Crowd-in DI untuk sektor; Industri, (listrik, gas dan air) dan real estate. . Sedangkan, FDI Crowd-out DI untuk Sektor; pertanian, (transportasi, pergudangan dan komunikasi) dan konstruksi, Sedangkan untuk; Sektor pertambangan, jasa lainnya peran FDI netral terhadap DI. Kesimpulan dari studi ini adalah FDI dan DI telah berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia untuk sektor ekonomi tertentu. Implikasi kebijakan; Pemerintah merangsang arus FDI masuk dan kestabilannya, terutama untuk sektor yang berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan PDB. Kemudian melindungi perusahaan pada sektor tertentu yang potensial di Crowd-out oleh perusahaan asing.
Kata kunci: Crowd-in dan Crowd-out, DI, FDI, dan PDB
Abstract
Indonesia needs foreign capital to cover the investment-saving gab and maintain sustainable economic growth. In addition, the performance of the economic sector differs from one another, so that the role of FDI and domestic investment (DI) is certainly not the same for each sector. This study aims to study the effect of FDI and DI on GDP and how the role of FDI on DI. The results of the study based on the OLS and GLS tests found that; FDI and DI have a positive and significant effect on GDP for the sector; Agriculture, trade and (transportation, warehousing and communication). As for the sector; Mining, construction and real estate are the only FDI that has a positive/negative and significant effect. In contrast to the sector; Industry and (electricity, gas and water) only DI has a positive and significant effect. Then FDI Crowd-in DI for sectors; Industry, (electricity, gas and water) and real estate.. Meanwhile, FDI Crowd-out DI for Sector; agriculture, (transportation, warehousing and communication) and construction, while for; The mining sector, other services, the role of FDI is neutral to DI. The conclusion of this study is that FDI and DI have played a role in increasing Indonesia's economic growth for certain economic sectors. Policy implications; The government stimulates FDI inflows and their stability, especially for sectors that have a positive impact on increasing GDP. Then protect companies in certain sectors that have the potential to be Crowd-out by foreign companies.
Keywords: Crowd-in and Crowd-out, DI, FDI and GDP
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